![]() ![]() It does not imply precise dates and is usually considered to have lasted longer than an actual century. Spanish Golden AgeĪ period of flourishing in arts and literature in Spain, coinciding with the political rise and decline of the Spanish Habsburg dynasty. The laws of many jurisdictions set out degrees of consanguinity in relation to prohibited sexual relations and marriage parties. In that aspect, consanguinity is the quality of being descended from the same ancestor as another person. The property of being from the same kinship as another person. The strategic aim was to overthrow Queen Elizabeth I of England and the Tudor establishment of Protestantism in England. Charles’ II mental and physical disabilities, caused most likely by the generations of inbreeding among the Spanish Habsburgs, enabled power games on the court and meant that Spain was essentially left leaderless and gradually reduced to a second-rank power.Ī Spanish fleet of 130 ships that sailed from A Coruña in August 1588 with the purpose of escorting an army from Flanders to invade England.Portugal was lost to the crown for good in Italy and most of Catalonia, French forces were expelled and Catalonia’s independence was suppressed. Under Philip IV, much of the policy was conducted by the minister Gaspar de Guzmán.Additionally, paying for the budget deficits by the mass minting of currency caused an enormous economic crisis. Under Philip III, a ten-year truce with the Dutch was overshadowed in 1618 by Spain’s involvement in the European-wide Thirty Years’ War.During his reign, Spain reached the height of its influence and power. Under Philip II, the Spanish empire included territories on every continent then known to Europeans.Under Charles I, Spain colonized big parts of the Americas and established itself as the first modern global empire. When Spain’s first Habsburg ruler, Charles I, became king of Spain in 1516, Spain became central to the dynastic struggles of Europe.In this period, it dominated Europe politically and militarily, but experienced a gradual decline of influence in the second half of the 17th century under the later Habsburg kings. Spain was ruled by the major branch of the Habsburg dynasty over the 16th and 17th centuries.However, the question of who inherited the crown was less important than the division of his territories, and failure to resolve the issue through diplomacy led to war in 1701. Despite this, his successors inherited an Empire that remained largely intact, while under his administration Spain played a prominent role in opposing the expansionist policies of Louis XIV of France.Īlthough Charles married twice, neither union produced children, and on his death in November 1700, he was succeeded by the 16-year-old Philip of Anjou, grandson of his elder half-sister Maria Theresa of Spain and Louis XIV. Historian John Langdon-Davies summarised his life as follows: "Of no man is it more true to say that in his beginning was his end from the day of his birth, they were waiting for his death". For reasons that are still debated, Charles experienced extended periods of ill health throughout his life and from the moment he became king at the age of three in 1665, the succession was a prominent consideration in European politics. ![]()
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